Calcium ions move from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum through channels {calcium ion channel} onto receptors. Calcium ions phosphorylate synapsin proteins and cause vesicle fusion with membrane, to trigger neurotransmitter release. Calcium ions clear from receptors by active transport back into mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
Dendrite voltage-gated Ca++ channels can provide non-linear coupling between inputs.
Transmitter-gated calcium-ion channels are like other channels {P/Q-type calcium channel}.
Serotonin and cyclic AMP regulate calcium-ion entry into cells, including neurons.
Cells have chloride-ion channels {chloride ion channel}.
Cells have seven potassium-ion channel types {potassium ion channel}.
cAMP mediated receptors {S channel} close potassium-ion-channel type. cAMP mediated receptors reduce a potassium-ion-channel size, to allow longer action potentials and allow more calcium ion to flow into presynaptic area and increase transmitter release.
Cells have sodium-ion channels {sodium ion channel}.
4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Neural Chemical
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Date Modified: 2022.0225